North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) Practice Test

Cauda equina neuritis and herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy are both conditions that can result in urinary incontinence in horses due to their effects on the nervous system.

Cauda equina neuritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the nerve roots in the cauda equina, which can disrupt the signaling required for bladder control, leading to urinary incontinence. Horses with this condition often show additional neurological signs and may have trouble with other functions controlled by the spinal cord.

Herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, caused by equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), can lead to neurological deficits, including those affecting bladder function. The virus can cause significant central nervous system lesions, which impair the neurological control over urination.

In contrast, while the other options listed include various diseases, they typically do not manifest urinary incontinence as a primary or recognized symptom. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how they affect the nervous system or other body functions is crucial in identifying the correct differential diagnoses for urinary issues in equines.