North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) Practice Test

Bluetongue disease is a viral infection primarily affecting ruminants, particularly sheep, and is caused by the bluetongue virus, which is transmitted by biting midges. The clinical signs associated with bluetongue in sheep are notable for their distinct manifestations.

Swollen muzzles and nasal discharge are characteristic signs of this disease. The swelling occurs due to the inflammatory response triggered by the infection, which affects the mucous membranes of the face and respiratory tract, resulting in nasal discharge. This facial edema gives affected sheep a distinctive appearance, which can help in the clinical diagnosis of bluetongue.

Other signs of bluetongue may include fever, nasal ulcers, and lethargy, but the combination of swelling around the muzzle and nasal discharge is particularly indicative of the disease. Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of the disease in affected populations.