North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) Practice Test

Intestinal lesions resembling those seen in colitis X can arise from a variety of etiological factors, making "all of the above" the correct choice. Anaphylaxis can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, including severe inflammatory responses in the gut, which may manifest similarly to colitis.

Infectious agents, such as certain bacteria or viruses, can also cause significant inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in lesions that resemble colitis. These infections contribute to a hyperacute inflammatory response, leading to colitis-like lesions.

Toxic agents, including specific drugs, dietary indiscretion, or environmental toxins, can provoke severe gastroenteric inflammation. Toxins disrupt normal gastrointestinal function and can result in the same types of lesions typically observed in colitis X.

Thus, the inclusion of all potential causes—anaphylaxis, infectious agents, and toxic agents—recognizes the multifactorial nature of the condition. Each factor has the potential to produce similar intestinal lesions via different mechanisms, thereby justifying the selection of all options as contributing factors to colitis X-like lesions.